What is angina pectoris?
Angina pectoris is a hurting inwards the middle of the chest (anginal pain) which occurs when the come across musculus does not operate enough blood supplied to build the come across to do its job. This is commonly caused by times narrowing of the coronary arteries, ofttimes inwards combination alongside physical exercise or emotion which makes the come across beat stronger every bit good every bit thence needs more than oxygen. With decreasing oxygen demand of the come across disappears angina again.
The hurting caused by times a needlelike blockage of a coronary artery by times a blood clot (thrombus or embolism) inwards nature is similar to that of angina pectoris, precisely commonly more than severe every bit good every bit takes longer. When consummate blockage of a barrel of a come across prepare on occurs.
Angina pectoris tin forcefulness out move combated by times dilating the blood vessels medication (disappears afterwards administration of nitroglycerin, the typical angina pectoris pain) or by times bringing back the effort. Also, the lowering of blood pull per unit of measurement area grade causes the come across asking to deliver less labor every bit good every bit testament thus instantly keep an anti-angineus effect.
The hazard of developing angina pectoris is increased if a someone smokes, is besides thick, or has a besides high blood pressure. Also alongside diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol levels every bit good every bit clearly increased inwards people who instantly keep inwards the identify unit of measurement of touchstone at a younger historic electrical flow (for the 60th twelvemonth of life) cardiovascular disease prevents the instantly chances of developing angina pectoris.
Especially inwards people alongside diabetes (diabetes mellitus) happens that the hurting is not felt by times the patient, slice inward that identify is indeed a shortage of oxygen to the come across muscle. Women ofttimes complain of breathlessness alongside exertion or experience airheaded instead of chest pain.
Also, spasms of the coronary arteries, instead of narrowing, may sometimes conduct to anginal symptoms. This condition is called variant angina, or Prinzmetal's angina pectoris.
The diagnosis tin forcefulness out commonly move made by times making an electrocardiogram (ECG) at a quaternary dimension when the patient feels the symptoms. Influenza A virus subtype Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 normal ECG during angina complaints, however, does not completely. When inwards doubt, testament ofttimes perform an exercise test, such every flake a bicycle or a myocardial scintigraphy test. The coronary arteries tin forcefulness out move imaged alongside a CT scan or a cardiac catheterization (Coronary angiography or CAG).
Differential diagnosis
Cardiovascular or lungs
- angina pectoris
- unstable angina - may resemble a come across attack
- stable angina - is less dangerous, precisely should definitely move investigated properly
- myocardial infarction ("heart attack")
- dissection of the aorta
- arrhythmias (as a in conclusion final result of oxygen deficiency by times increased come across rate)
- pulmonary embolism
- pneumonia
- haemothorax
- pneumothorax every bit good every bit tension
- hyperventilation syndrome
- GERD
- ulcer
- gallstone
- pancreatitis
- panic Attack
- tietze syndrome - osteochondritis alongside hurting at the marker of the transition between bone every bit good every bit cartilage of the ribs
- bornholm disease - or pleurodynie, a viral infection alongside chest pain.
Approximation
Case history every bit good every bit clinical every bit good every bit technical research. In improver to blood tests every bit good every bit X-rays offering the electrocardiogram every bit good every bit clinical signs such every flake the sign of Levine useful information. The medical history of the identify unit of measurement of touchstone every bit good every bit predisposing factors every bit good every bit hazard factors are taken into account. On suspicion of pulmonary embolism a scintigraphy tin forcefulness out move performed.
